Thursday, 21 March 2024

Rexton volunteer fire department threatens to walk-out

 

Rexton volunteer firefighters return to work after dispute with municipality

Department members had been off the job in protest for six days

The volunteer fire department in Rexton returned to work Wednesday afternoon following a nearly six-day period with no fire services for the area.

Sean Sullivan, a fire captain, said his department is still negotiating with the municipality on a few terms but was happy to return to the job after most of the issues were solved.

"There were some misunderstandings on both sides, as usual for when things like this happen, but that's been cleared up and we're ready to resume," Sullivan said.

Rexton and Harcourt-Beersville are the two fire departments in the amalgamated community of Five Rivers in Kent County.

While one issue was the budget of fire services allotted to Rexton compared with Harcourt-Beersville, Sullivan said they didn't walk off the job over money, it was mostly about what he called disrespect.

Sullivan said the department's former chief, Brent Goodwin, had been a member of the department for more than 40 years but had been asked to step down by the municipality while he was on sick leave.

Sullivan said the department and municipality have reached an agreement for Goodwin to return to his position once his sick leave ends in a month.

"That's the important thing for us, we got our fire chief back."

 Members of the department pose for a photoThe Rexton Volunteer Fire Department is one of two stations in the Municipality of Five Rivers in Kent County. (Rexton Volunteer Fire Department/Facebook)

Five Rivers Mayor Trina Beers did not respond to requests for comment Wednesday afternoon.

A Facebook post from the fire department just days before members walked off the job cited "harassing and micromanaging" by the municipality's chief administrative officer.

"This decision was taken because of the harassment and disrespect shown to us in the recent months," said another Facebook post from the department announcing they were walking out.

In the days before the walkout, the municipality put a post on Facebook signed by Beers that called the allegations from the fire department concerning and unfounded. 

The municipality put a brief statement on Facebook  on Wednesday announcing the department had resumed service but did not explain what led to the members' return to work.

"The Municipality of Five Rivers and the Rexton Fire Department remain engaged in positive discussions," the post read.

Department apologies for stress on community

"Both parties look forward to continuing to serve the community."

In the approximately six days the department was out of service, Sullivan said there were no major incidents, but his department had made arrangements with neighbouring fire departments for Rexton to be covered.

"We're sorry that we had to put some additional stress on people," he said. "It wasn't in the plans, nobody wanted to use what I'd call the nuclear option.

"I know it was stressful for citizens, and we are sorry for that. Sometimes you don't have much choice."

sean sullivan Sullivan apologizes for stress the department caused the community by leaving it without service, but he says it was the only option. ((CBC))

When asked if walking off the job was the only way for the department to get the attention of the municipality, Sullivan said it was.

"There was absolutely no other way. We've been trying to address this since December."

Normally, when things are running smoothly, the fire department doesn't have to deal with the mayor and council often,  he said. Even if the relationship is now strained, Sullivan said it will bounce back quickly since things are looking better.

Morale is good in the 23-member department, and the firefighters are excited to be back, Sullivan added.

"Hopefully, we never have to do it again."

Local supported walkout

Maisie Rae McNaughton, who lives in neighbouring Beaurivage, said all the communities in her area are well-connected and have been following the dispute.

"It really seems like they weren't asking for too much," McNaughton said. "They wanted their chief, Brent Goodwin,  returned.

"He is a really prominent figure here in our community, and has been for decades. He's saved countless lives and helped so many people in dire situations."

A smiling woman with long blond hair Maisie Rae McNaughton, who lives in nearby Beaurivage, says she supported the Rexton firefighters in their dispute with the municipality. (Submitted by Maisie McNaughton)

McNaughton said she's relieved the firefighters are back and happy no one was injured during the days without the Rexton department in service.

"People were very scared, they were fearful, but beyond that fear, they were supporting the Rexton Fire Department," she said.

McNaughton said this is not simply small town politics, but an example of how New Brunswick's municipal reform has not worked.

"I think that forced amalgamation is causing much more problems than its resolving," she said.

"This is a little picture that shows the big picture."

ABOUT THE AUTHOR


Sam Farley

Journalist

Sam Farley is a Fredericton-based reporter at CBC New Brunswick. Originally from Boston, he is a journalism graduate of the University of King's College in Halifax. He can be reached at sam.farley@cbc.ca

CBC's Journalistic Standards and Practices
 
 
18 Comments 
 
 
David Amos
Content Deactivated
Just another tempest in a teapot  
 
 
David Amos
HMMM
 
 
 
MJ Anderson 
The seeds for an east coast small town docudrama mini series...? 
 
 
David Amos
Reply to MJ Anderson   
Surely you jest  
 
 
 
Wilbur Ross  
Solidarity Forever! ✊✊✊ 


Lou Bell
Reply to Wilbur Ross  
With the left it's more like apparthied . 
 
 
David Amos
Reply to Wilbur Ross  
Yea right 
 
 


Marcel Belanger
Well I’m happy that’s resolved. I know Sean Sullivan quite well and he’s a straight shooter, honest and dependable. Whatever he says I will take at face value.

They are very lucky to have him.


Clive Gibbons
Reply to Marcel Belanger
I wonder why quit as chief in one department only to join another one?
 
 
Marcel Belanger
Reply to Clive Gibbons
Have to ask Sean.
 
 
David Amos
Reply to Marcel Belanger
I know the answer  
 
 
 
 
Eugene Peabody 
I am glad they got this situation resolved. This is the result of the forced amalgamation by Higgs that is causing a lot of tension in many communities that was unnecessary. 
 
 
John Montgomery 
Reply to Eugene Peabody  
But hey, at least Higgs is paying off debt. I'm sure it's almost at zero by now. 
 
 
G. Timothy Walton
Reply to John Montgomery
Higgs governs like he's barely keeping up with the vigorish on his debt to Irving
 
 
Lou Bell
Reply to Eugene Peabody 
No , it's about Municipal Reform , that was promoted by all parties , and the fact that some people just couldn't put it upon themselves to move into the 21st century . individual tendering at higher costs , duplication of services , all were costing communities and thier residents thousands upon thousands of extra dollars annually . Two separates Fire departments a few miles apart , and with 3 buildings is just one example . Social media and the " they're getting more than we are " and " it's us vs. them " mentality was no good for anyone . 
 
 
Lou Bell
Reply to John Montgomery  
He certainly is paying off the debt , the debt the Liberals added billions to intheir last term in office , and anyone aware ata ll would have known it's over 2 billion paid down on a 15 billion dollar debt , saving NB taxpayers hundreds of million in savings annually on servicing that debt . But no , it's not zero although we expect as much from the left in their " faux pa's " in accounting .
 
 
David Amos.
Reply to Eugene Peabody 
True


 
 

Rexton firefighters walk off job after dispute with municipality

Volunteer crew gave Five Rivers municipality until 7 p.m. Thursday to make changes

Shortly before 7 p.m. Thursday the 23 members of the Rexton volunteer fire department gathered at their fire hall as the deadline in their conflict with the Five Rivers municipality drew closer.

They had said they would turn in their emergency pagers and walk off the job if several changes weren't made.

The deadline came and went without a solution and the firefighters confirmed they followed through on their ultimatum.

"One of the worst days I've ever had," said Warren Goodwin, the assistant deputy fire chief.

"People were clearly upset. A lot of tears. A lot of memories here. It's just awful."

The department gave the municipality — an amalgamated community that includes Rexton and portions of several former local service districts in Kent County — an ultimatum on Wednesday.

Goodwin says while the department had discussions via email with the municipality on Thursday, the firefighters felt they were insufficient.

"The email was very brief," said Goodwin.

"It didn't address any of the issues we had concerns with."

CBC News reached out to Five Rivers Mayor Tina Beers for comment on Wednesday, but she did not respond. 

Budget conflict

The fire department cited several concerns, but said conflict over the department's budget was the catalyst for the dispute.

The municipality is served by two volunteer fire departments — Rexton and Beersville-Harcourt.

The Rexton department alleges their budget is significantly less than the budget for Beersville-Harcourt.

Goodwin said while both departments serve areas of comparable sizes, the Rexton department is responsible for a great deal more infrastructure.

However, in a Facebook post on Thursday, Mark Perry, the chief of the Beersville-Harcourt volunteer fire department, defended his budget, saying they have two buildings with more members and pieces of equipment than Rexton.

"The Beersville-Harcourt Department coverage area is twice the size, if not more, [than] the Rexton Fire Dept coverage area," said Perry in the post.

"It costs more money for equipment, for training, for fuel, for heating, for snow removal and everyday operations." 

Goodwin said while the firefighters are ready and willing to come back, there needs to be some movement from the municipality.

But he doesn't see any evidence of that yet.

Both the municipality and the Rexton department said they have reached out to neighbouring fire departments and the fire marshal's office to inform them of the situation.

"Five Rivers has taken proactive steps to ensure continuous coverage from neighbouring fire departments," said the municipality in a Facebook post Wednesday.

CBC News reached out to the Department of Public Safety, which includes the fire marshal's office, for comment but has not received a response.
 

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

 
Jordan Gill

Reporter

Jordan Gill is a CBC reporter based out of Fredericton. He can be reached at jordan.gill@cbc.ca.

CBC's Journalistic Standards and Practices
 
 
 
29 Comments 
 
 
 
David Amos
IMHO The Federal Minister of Public Safety should not ignore such issues within his riding  
 
 
Don Corey
Reply to David Amos
True, but perhaps he's been more preoccupied with attempting to defend his government's highly controversial and extremely divisive consumer carbon tax.
 
 
David Amos.
Content Deactivated
Reply to Don Corey
I doubt it Hell Pierre didn't even bother to turn up and vote for his own non confidence motion. Its all just a sick charade  
 
 
David Amos.
Reply to Don Corey
BTW It made my day when I read 2 things this evening

1 "Fish harvesters reach deal with N.L. government to allow catch to be sold to outside buyers"

2 "Former Fundy-Royal Progressive Conservative MP John Herron, who confirmed Thursday he plans to run for the Liberals in the provincial riding of Hampton-Fundy-St. Martins"

 
 
 
David Amos
Methinks Higgy's top spin doctor has overlooked who are the MP and MLA in that neck of the woods N'esy Pas?  
 
 
Don Corey
Reply to David Amos
Mr. Outhouse has a lot to learn about NB.
 

G. Timothy Walton
Reply to Don Corey
Mr. Outhouse has a lot to learn about the Eighth Commandment. 
 
 
David Amos.
Reply to Don Corey
His buddy Jenni is in hot water too




 
David Amos
Surprise Surprise Surprise 
 
 
David Amos.
Reply to David Amos
Clearly I was grateful for all the volunteers who turned up in my neck of the woods

Residents of Belleisle area grateful to volunteers who battled out-of-control wildfire

Lessons learned, needed equipment identified after last week's fire

Mia Urquhart · CBC News · Posted: Jun 05, 2023 7:00 AM ADT

 
 
Don Corey
Content Deactivated
WHY?
I wonder how hard the CBC actually attempted to get the Five Rivers' side of the story. It just might be possible (actually, it probably is) that the funding allocated to the Rexton fire department was done in a reasonable/fair manner, and the local firefighters are simply pursuing their own unrealistic agenda.

 
 
Lou Bell
Rather than work together and make everyones' jobs easier , pettiness dominates the equation . Having buildings and resources only 3 miles away from each other is one of the reasons ALL parties supported Municipal refrom . Duplication to the Nth degree . And not 2 buildings but 3. Many much larger communities get by with one Fire Department , one building . What a wonderful resouce , having so many volunteers , but it appears a few are putting themselves ahead of the " what's best for the community " thinking , and some came into the new changes with an " I'm not giving an inch to any change while I'm here " 
 
.  
David Amos
Reply to Lou Bell
Why have Higgy and Allian ignored this issue? 


Bob Smith
Reply to Lou Bell
There's three fire stations, two ran by one department and Rexton, in Five Rivers but none of them are three miles apart. 


Clive Gibbons
Reply to Bob Smith 
The one in Richibucto is three miles away from the one in Rexton. 
 
 
Bob Smith 
Reply to Clive Gibbons
True, but Richibucto isn't part of Five Rivers or this problem, aside from having to pick up the slack call wise because of all of this. If Rexton stays closed, maybe they'll just take over service to the community. 
 
 
Clive Gibbons
Reply to Bob Smith 
I'm sure they would be delighted to do it, especially if Rexton's budget is diverted to them. 
 
 
 
  
Phil Nadeau
Wow talk about letting your community down because your department didn't get the same amount of money that the other department received. As far that I can see, the other department only received more due to the fact they have 2 buildings to operate with more manpower compare to the one in Rexton. Am I missing something?

 
David Amos
Reply to Phil Nadeau
Nope
 


Clive Gibbons
This looks like an old boys club move. Good on the town for not blinking. Given the closest fully staffed and equipped department is 5.3km away, let them pout. A Quick Look at their FB page shows that they, or whoever their scribe is, make some sort of melodramatic post every year or so.
 
 
Bob Smith 
Reply to Clive Gibbons
That's all great that the two stations are 5.3km away, most calls aren't at the fire station. What happens if that neighboring department has a call with most, or all, of their trucks committed and one comes in for Rexton's area? Now you wait even longer. You now have extra call volume placed on those volunteer firefighters. The municipality made a social post, of course saying everything is false, and pretty well immediately shut commenting off and deleted comments, so what are they trying to keep people from telling.  
 
 
Clive Gibbons
Reply to Bob Smith 
It's called mutual aid. In addition the station three miles away, there are three more surrounding stations that can come to help. I suspect that half of the Rexton members don't want to have anything to do with this, but given the type of management they're under, wouldn't say a word. Old boys club.  
 
 
Bob Smith 
Reply to Clive Gibbons
I'm well aware of what it's called. Again, that's all extra calls that surrounding areas have to pick up, people leaving work, family etc, instead of the two sides trying to come to an agreement. It seems the municipality doesn't want to work with them either, but then again they don't want to hear from the community members either, given how quickly they shut down commenting/deleted comments on their social media post, where of course they just denied everything.  
 
 
David Amos
Reply to Clive Gibbons
Amen  
 
 
 
 
Yves Savoie
All yapping and no numbers....shouldn't the citizens be informed! Show the numbers...
 
 
David Amos
Reply to Yves Savoie
I agree
 
 
 
David Wilson
Good for them.
 
 
 
G. Timothy Walton
This might be a good time to ask which fire department serves more people. .
 
 
Bob Smith 
Reply to G. Timothy Walton
Just looking off google maps, Rexton and the area around it seem to be more populated, with schools and some commercial businesses as well. The other end, where the other fire chief is from, looks far more rural.  
 
 
G. Timothy Walton
Reply to Bob Smith  
That's what I figured, but it seems like very basic reporting to check on it. 
 
 
David Amos
Reply to G. Timothy Walton
Everybody knows the score by now
 
 
 

Rexton volunteer fire department threatens to walk-out

Volunteer department, one of 2 serving Five Rivers area, cites budget concerns, alleges 'disrespect'

A rural New Brunswick fire department is threatening to "cease ... firefighting duties," citing conflicts with the municipality it serves.

The 23 active members of the Rexton volunteer fire department have voted to stop answering calls as of 7 p.m. Thursday.

The department is one of two volunteer units serving the municipality of Five Rivers, the amalgamated community of Rexton, north of Moncton, and portions of several former local service districts in Kent County.

Warren Goodwin, the assistant deputy chief, said the decision to issue the ultimatum has been in discussion for months and was not arrived at lightly.

"To be perfectly honest, the rest of the members were pushing for this sooner," said Goodwin. 

"They actually wanted this to take place about two months ago. We were trying our best to avoid this, if at all possible."

Budget issues

One of the major concerns has to do with the Rexton fire department's operating budget.

Goodwin said the department was under the impression that it would receive about equal funding with the Beersville-Harcourt volunteer fire department from the municipality.

However, he said he was surprised to find the budget for Beersville-Harcourt was significantly higher.

According to Goodwin, both departments serve areas of comparable sizes, but the Rexton department is responsible for a great deal more infrastructure.

A facebook post Warren Goodwin, assistant deputy fire chief, says attempts to meet with the municipality have been fruitless. (Rexton volunteer fire department/Facebook)

"The difference between the two fire departments … was just over $63,000," said Goodwin.

"In our eyes that wasn't considered equal and fair as possible. That was considered, in my opinion, extremely out of whack and not even remotely close to equal."

Goodwin said the department hasn't been given an explanation about the budget and attempts to meet with the municipality have been fruitless.

"It's come to a point where we have to draw a hard line in the sand," said Goodwin.

Municipality denies allegations

The firefighters are also alleging harassment and disrespect from the municipality.

CBC News reached out to Five Rivers Mayor Tina Beers to find out more about the dispute but she refused to comment.

A statement posted on the municipality's Facebook page denies allegations of disrespect and says it has taken steps to ensure firefighting coverage from neighbouring departments should the Rexton department stage a walk-out.

"We want to make it unequivocally clear that these allegations are not only concerning but completely unfounded," the statement said.

A facebook post The municipality has denied all allegations. (Five Rivers/Facebook)

As of 4:00 p.m. Wednesday, Goodwin said the fire department had not heard from the municipality directly about the ultimatum.

"In our hearts we know that there's a very high likelihood that there could be an emergency in our absence," said Goodwin.

"As of tomorrow evening at 7 p.m. if nothing has been resolved, we're officially walking off the job."

ABOUT THE AUTHOR


Jordan Gill

Reporter

Jordan Gill is a CBC reporter based out of Fredericton. He can be reached at jordan.gill@cbc.ca.

CBC's Journalistic Standards and Practices
 
 
 
133 Comments
 
 
 
David Amos
My research of this topic has allowed me to form an opinion but I will keep it myself for now 
 
 
 
David Amos
Content Deactivated
More to follow perhaps

Can someone please ask Warren Goodwin to give us a call at CBC Radio’s Maritime Noon? We’d like to speak with him this morning. (Thursday) I produce the show. My direct line is 902-420-4339. Thank you.

 
David Amos
Reply to David Amos
The Rexton Volunteer Firefighters wish to also share with you the requests made to Mayor and Council that stemmed from last nights emergency meeting, to help the public understand where and how this decision came to be. Our priority is to have our dedicated fire chief and leader, Brent Goodwin, back performing his duties. Without our chief and leader, this simply isn’t the Rexton Fire Department!
 
 
David Amos.
Content Deactivated
Reply to David Amos
As many of you are aware Five rivers' mayor wrote a response to the current situation involving the Rexton Volunteer Fire Department , currently the comments are turned off and many of the comments are being removed, so much for free speech or being able to voice your concerns with this council.

 

 

Jos Allaire
Reading some opinions here reminds me of this quote:

“The problem with the world is that the intelligent people are full of doubts, while the Stu Pits are full of confidence.”

 
David Amos
Reply to Jos Allaire
Ditto
 
 
David Amos
Reply to Jos Allaire
I tried to call 3 fellas who should know the score and none of them would pick up the phone today
 
 
Harvey York
Reply to David Amos
Call display is a wonderful thing
 
 
G. Timothy Walton.
Reply to Jos Allaire
It's a nice quote, but lots of us people have self-doubts.
 
 
David Amos
Reply to Harvey York
Yep and it works both ways BTW I talked to couple of interesting ladies thus far
 
 
 
 
Mike Barkman
"5 Rivers"?
Never heard of it. 
 
 
David Amos
Reply to Mike Barkman
You are reading about it correct? 
 
 
David Amos
Reply to Mike Barkman
This dude created it

Thanks goes to the Honourable Daniel Allain, Minister of Local Government and Local Government Reform, for meeting with the Five Rivers Council last week.

We discussed the poor state of our roads, lack of internet and cell service, lack of affordable housing, and exploring the development of trails and attractions that highlight the natural beauty of Kent County.

 
Carly Wattson
Reply to Mike Barkman
There’s something you can never say again! Learning is wonderful! 
 
 
 
 
Carly Wattson 
Volunteer Firefighter#1: oh no! The phone is ringing! Are you sure we can’t answer it?

Volunteer Firefighter #2: Stay strong, hold the co-

Volunteer Firefighter #1: wait, nevermind. It’s Phillip. He says we’re easily replaced. Let him put his own fire out, then. Apparently, he has the experience and thinks it’s easy. Let’s see him in action!

 
 
 
james bolt
Hopefully if the emergency has to happen it will happen in one of your 23 places.
That would prove your determination
 
 
Bill Hanson
Reply to james bolt
oh...I suspect they are pretty good at solving their own problems

most firefighters are

 
 
 
Grace Morris
Unless this entire hullabaloo is about much more than fire department budgets I would like to clarify a couple things. One, the Beersville/Harcourt Fire Department is exactly as it sounds; in reality it is two departments that fall under the watch of one Fire Chief. One is located in Harcourt and the other in Fords Mills. The area serviced by these two departments is huge and much of it forested. Many of the calls for the Harcourt department involve highway accidents as Route 126 falls in their jurisdiction. Rexton is a short distance away from Richibucto which also has a fire department. To understand the financial requirements of each department would be helpful. Two, to deny that these volunteers are not an important part of our rural communities would be a mistake to say the least. Without pay they put in immense hours of training and do a fair amount of their own fundraising, all on top of holding down jobs and caring for families. If it sounds like there are a lot of members this is why.. some people are at work when a call comes in. In the end, the innuendo seems to be that there is a personality conflict with the CAO and this has gone on for months. If these two sides haven't be able to come to a resolution by this time then it seem imperative to call in a professional skilled in conflict resolution. The longer this goes on the more it festers. 
 
 
Philip Burfoot
Reply to Grace Morris
 Typical small community volunteer fire department politics. They could solve this easily if the started amalgamating everyone under one central command structure & then split the budget more equally between stations. This right now is just absolute petty nonsense 
 
 
Grace Morris
Reply to Philip Burfoot
This "municipality" has only existed in it's present form for just over one year. This is the first budget since the forced amalgamation of these communities (one village and 3 Local Service Districts). Some things take time. It's quite a large area in total. To have "one central command structure" would maybe work if you had someone willing and able to take that on. I really don't know. The real issue seems to be the delay in addressing the frustrations of a large segment of the community. The rest of us who live here are as much in the dark as you are about what the real concerns might be. 
 
 
Philip Burfoot
Reply to Grace Morris
In today’s world of politics it is definitely a struggle to get everyone on the same page & moving in the same direction. Ya forced amalgamation is definitely not a very pleasant experience for anyone when beloved small communities get swallowed up into larger areas & they potentially lose their identity & uniqueness. I have unfortunately been down that road. Good luck
 
 
Grace Morris
Reply to Philip Burfoot
Thank you for your well-wishes. I suspect it might take more than luck but I'm confident that the community can put this behind them. There are much bigger fish to fry 
 
 


Geordan Mann
If allegations are unfounded, why the concern? If these are known to be unfounded, thereby lacking credibility and factual basis, Just respond with the facts upon which you are basing the unfounded nature of the allegation. That would refute it. Cannot keep going in a circle and have credibility
 
 
Philip Burfoot
Reply to Geordan Mann
This group of fire volunteers has lost all credibility when they openly stated they would withhold services to the community they claim to serve & protect. This is classic fire industry municipal intimidation & bully tactics being employed. It’s do as we say or in this case we will walk off the job & the municipality will be responsible if someone dies because they wouldn’t give us what we wanted. Wow! Kind of reminds you of high school
 
 
Graham McCormack
Reply to Philip Burfoot
Could you say that again please? I don't think anyone read it the first 20 times.
 
 
Philip Burfoot
Reply to Graham McCormack
The problem why it has to be repeated multiple times is because apparently it takes repeating things multiple times because it is not understood the first time which is very problematic but a common issue in the fire industry.
 
 
Philip Burfoot
Reply to Graham McCormack
Stop trying to defend the undependable action of this group. When they use threats to withhold services & intimidation then it is clearly they are only thinking of themselves. They really don’t care about the community they serve at that point it is really only all about their ego & about being a firefighter. Who are you kidding?
 
 
Bill Hanson
Reply to Philip Burfoot
they're VOLUNTEERS

if they don't want to get out of bed at 4am...they don't have to

if you want to demand their service...hire them as full time

of course...there is a massive tax burden if you do that

 

 

Gerry Wootton
You've got to admire the political spin in the pronouncement: 'allegations are concerning and unfounded'! 'any claims of misconduct are thoroughly investigated' ... or just ignored because they're unfounded. Wonder who gets paid more, the mayor or a volunteer firefighter? Who does more to earn it? Firefighting is a putting-your-life-on-the-line proposition. At least the municipality stands firm in its commitment to a respectful workplace for volunteers and their unfounded complaints.
 
 
MR Cain
Reply to Gerry Wootton
Firefighting is a once in a blue moon putting-your-life-on-the-line proposition; let's keep it in perspective. This is rural service.
 
 
Clive Gibbons
Reply to MR Cain
Not to mention a full complement of firefighters at another hall 4km away. Unless the department has a specific case (it doesn't seem like they do here) council should just divert the fire budget to the neighbouring department. I'm sure they'd take these funds and cover the area.
 
 
Graham McCormack
Reply to Clive Gibbons

4 KM?

 
Clive Gibbons
Reply to Graham McCormack

Richibucto

 
Allan Marven
Reply to MR Cain
You ever been on a fire department? I have. Try it out if you think rural is easier. Hoses, axes and ladders.
 
 
MR Cain
Reply to Allan Marven
Is it about the budget or the volunteers getting their pay?
 
 
Clive Gibbons
Reply to MR Cain
 Budget and disgruntled member who works for the town.
 
 
Margie Anderson
Reply to MR Cain
Do you think that perhaps there is needed equipment for these volunteers? As far as a volunteer firefighters pay ... it likely doesn't cover their gas to get to the fire station over a year of volunteering.

Have you ever been a volunteer fire fighter?

 

 

Allan Marven
Same happened to Oak Bay FD. The go to volunteer department for SWNB. Non firemen teliing FD's how it's gonna be.
 
 
David Amos
Reply to Allan Marven
You may be correct
 
 
Graham McCormack.
Reply to Allan Marven
According to at least one person, firefighters should just keep quiet and spray water.
 
 
Clive Gibbons
 Reply to Allan Marven
And yet, someone is still putting out fires there. Most of them the same ones as before. Seems like some weren't happy with the changes on the horizon, and decided to pout. The cemetery is full of people who thought they couldn't be replaced.
 
 
Philip Burfoot
Reply to Graham McCormack
 In this case keep quiet & spray water is actually what this group of individuals should be doing. They have lost all credibility by threatening to withhold services if they don’t get their way. They seriously forget who pays the bill for this department it’s the taxpayers & the municipality is their employer!
 
 
Graham McCormack
Reply to Philip Burfoot
Only in your mind.
 
 
Graham McCormack
Reply to Philip Burfoot
Curious to you have a problem with the other department getting $65,000 more in funding?
 
 
Philip Burfoot
Reply to Graham McCormack
It’s called reality try it!
 
 
Philip Burfoot
Reply to Graham McCormack
It’s all the same municipal government so what do I care it’s all internal politics & decisions. These volunteer firefighters have lost all credibility when they chose to use classic fire intimidation tactics & threatened to withhold their services because they were mad & upset. Now they expect sympathy? I have absolutely zero sympathy for a group who claims to protect their community but then openly threatens to put it at risk because they are not getting their way with the municipality. The municipality & the taxpayers are the boss here not the volunteer fire department members.
 
 
Clive Gibbons
Reply to Graham McCormack
It is quite possible the other department (with two stations) may have been underfunded by the provincial government before the reform,
 
 
Graham McCormack
Reply to Philip Burfoot
Blurred reality
 
 
Philip Burfoot
Reply to Graham McCormack
Only you see it that way most do not.
 
 
Allan Marven
Reply to Clive Gibbons
Obviously, amalgamation benefitted you.
 
 
Allan Marven
Reply to Graham McCormack
Yes the maple syrup guy.

 
 
 
 
Fred E. Turner
seems to me that this rexton needs to consider that fire departments are useful and necessary to the town
Philip Burfoot
Reply to Fred E. Turner
Maybe the volunteer fire department needs to realize the taxpayers are footing the bill here & they need to stop bullying the municipality to give them more. Making threats to the employer about withholding services is definitely not a smart move when you are a volunteer fire service. This group thinks they have all the power over the municipality when they actually have none & can be replaced
Graham McCormack
Reply to Philip Burfoot
Right because there is a lineup of people trained to be volunteer fire fighters.
Eugene Peabody
Reply to Philip Burfoot
If you think they can be easily be replaced you are living in a dream world . It is very hard to get people to go to meetings let alone do a dangerous job and spend their spare time training and all the other jobs around a garage , plus when you loose the experienced people the whole department is good as dead.
Philip Burfoot
Reply to Graham McCormack
It’s not that difficult to spray water or learn how to use extrication tools. It takes far longer to train police officers or paramedics. Firefighting is very much a hands on learning on the job it really doesn’t require the critical thinking skills require in the other two emergency services.
Philip Burfoot
Reply to Eugene Peabody
So if people no longer want to volunteer who cares it only means then that taxes will go up & municipalities will establish full time fire depts to replace the volunteers. if the volunteer firefighters actually cared about their communities they wouldn’t be having a temper tantrum over the budget & not getting their way then threatening to withhold services to put pressure on the municipality would they? The municipality has the power here not the volunteer firefighters who think they can bully the municipality. If these people are not happy they are free to withdraw their volunteer services & eventually face higher local taxes to employ a full time fire dept.
Graham McCormack
Reply to Philip Burfoot
You truly have no idea what is involved in being a volunteer fire fighter.
Philip Burfoot
Reply to Graham McCormack
30 yrs in emergency services full time & 20 yrs a volley in my community ya don’t I know anything. I do know how the fire industry works by ganging up & bullying municipalities to get what they want. That’s a standard fire department tactic!
David Amos
Reply to Graham McCormack
However he is not shy about his opinions of them
Graham McCormack
Reply to Philip Burfoot
So they did turn you down.
Philip Burfoot
Reply to Graham McCormack
20 yrs as a volley is not being turned down I just don’t by the fire dept or industry rhetoric it’s all nonsense!

 

 

G. Timothy Walton
Took me a while to remember where to look for this...

Fourteen years ago, the ambulance post was moved north from Saint-Paul to Fords Mills, despite it Saint-Paul being a better location when it comes to response times for most of the population in the area. (Reported by CBC on Jan 28, 2010)

Fords Mills is now part of Five Rivers, on the end served by the fire department that's getting a grossly disproportionate share of budget resources.

Draw your own conclusions.

Philip Burfoot
Reply to G. Timothy Walton
That’s the fire department version not the municipalities who foots the total bill for funding the fire department. Firefighters apparently seem to think they are more valuable & important than they actually are. The world does not revolve around firefighters as much as they believe it does especially when they volunteer.
Jake Newman
Reply to Philip Burfoot
so if you're house is burning down you'll refuse service?
Philip Burfoot
Reply to Jake Newman
Where exactly did I say that? These volunteers are the ones who are threatening to withhold their services it’s not me!
Jake Newman
Reply to Philip Burfoot
maybe you'd prefer your property taxes to skyrocket and bring in paid firefighters.
Philip Burfoot
Reply to Jake Newman
Did you read the article? This is about volunteer firefighters complaining about not getting money they think the municipal government owes them & threatening to not respond to the needs of their community. This is a common complaint from many volunteer fire services. I find it hilarious these people think they have power here over the employer & can dictate anything. Volunteer services save taxpayers money & if these people are not happy then quit let someone else volunteer to do the job.
Graham McCormack
Reply to Philip Burfoot
Maybe you should volunteer.
Philip Burfoot
Reply to Graham McCormack
I already spent 30 yrs in emergency services why do I need to volunteer when I have done my time & have the mental scars to prove it.
Mike Barkman
Reply to Philip Burfoot
So Philip, you were turned down for a firefighters job were ya?
Philip Burfoot
Reply to Mike Barkman
30 yrs full time in emergency services & 20 yrs volley in the community. This is all about pointing out the pettiness & gang mentality in the fire industry to bully municipalities to get what they want. It’s the oldest tactic in the fire book.
Philip Burfoot
Reply to Mike Barkman
Being a water ferry is absolutely nothing special only the people who eat, sleep, & live the fire dept believe that nonsense. That mentality is strongest in the volunteer fire services when they think they are indispensable & can make demands of the municipalities by making idle threats of withholding services.
G. Timothy Walton
Reply to Philip Burfoot
You're not from the Sussex area, are you? I remember a volunteer fire department in that region there having trouble with a former member who'd tried to take over and been shown the door about a decade ago; held a grudge when he was elected to the LSD board.
G. Timothy Walton
Reply to Philip Burfoot
And some will draw conclusions that have nothing to do with any new information.
Philip Burfoot
Reply to G. Timothy Walton
What conclusions? What is being done by this volunteer group is called municipal intimidation it is the oldest tactic in the fire playbook.
David Amos
Reply to G. Timothy Walton
Hmmmm 
 
 
 
 
Yves Savoie
With all the new monies coming in from the inflated tax bills, they should a few bucks for them.....but noooo! They will use it for their useless pet projects that bring zero to taxpayers.
Philip Burfoot
Reply to Yves Savoie
Inflated tax bills? Ever look at who is one of the municipal departments to draw the largest amount of municipal tax dollars? Big hint it’s the fire department they are definitely not as bad off as they like everyone to believe.

Ken Dean

Reply to Philip Burfoot

Any idea how much money a Volunteer service saves the municipality? Absolute minimum staff, Four. Three shifts plus weekend and holiday coverage = 16 people. average wage for a career FF $100,000. $1.6 million for bare bones coverage! That's just wages.

David Amos

Reply to Ken Dean

Good point

Philip Burfoot

Reply to Ken Dean

I am well aware how much a volunteer service saves a community. The bigger question is why are these volunteers using the fire industry tactics of intimidation & threats to withhold services. Doesn’t sound like they want to save money or protect the community it’s more all about them. The pettiness & bully tactics are pretty clear.

Clive Gibbons

Reply to Philip Burfoot

And why is the chief condoning this? If council is somehow doing them a dirty, instead of going to the media with some vague platitudes, tell us what happened. As it is, it's a they said/they said deal.

Philip Burfoot

Reply to Clive Gibbons

These volunteer firefighters lose all their credibility when they have openly threaten to withhold services to their community & put it at risk because they are mad or upset & don’t like what the municipality has decided. The municipal government is the boss & employer here not the firefighters. This is just firefighters using intimidation to force the employer to bend to their will. It’s a classic fire industry tactic.

Ken Dean

Reply to Philip Burfoot

My comment said nothing about FF's wanting to save money, it was pointing out the incredible savings the municipality enjoys from having a Volunteer service.

Unfortunately the story doesn't give much detail about what is going on. Did they cut back the fire dept budget then give more to another dept? Why was the other dept given so much more? what are the reasons?

Who knows.

Philip Burfoot

Reply to Ken Dean

The volunteer fire service is having a temper tantrum over what they believe they are owed by the municipality in the budget & are mad because another fire dept in the same municipality got more. They are now trying to use intimidation & retaliating by threatening to withhold their services & put the community at risk if they don’t get their way. This is intimidation & is a classic fire industry tactic to force municipalities to capitulate to what the firefighters want. That is the game being played here by these so called volunteer firefighters it’s all about them.

Ken Dean

Reply to Philip Burfoot

But we don't have the details. I believe that's what the article says, at least that's what CTV said. I have been involved with VFD tax funding with municipalities for 25 years on the FD side. I have witnessed twice the municipality ask all FD's to take budget cuts then turn around and give a major increase to one dept. It doesn't go over well unless there is a reason.

Why did the other dept get thousands more?

The only withholding service I ever saw was the next county where a dept was funded by both a town and municipality. The municipality refused to pay what was agreed to. With many months notice the department stopped responding to municipal calls. The municipality was so stubborn they still refused and ended up having to build a station, buy several trucks and start from scratch training new members. Would have been much cheaper and much safer to pay the original contract but some councillors had a bone to pick!

Philip Burfoot

Reply to Ken Dean

There are always issues in municipal funding & things always get heated that’s a given. The problem here is the classic intimidation tactics against the municipal government by the volunteer firefighters & them openly saying they will withhold service if the don’t get their way. That right there is where these volunteer firefighters lose all credibility because they are saying they won’t protect the community they serve because they are mad & upset at the municipality for not giving them equal to what the other dept got. That’s high school mentality & not very mature.

Philip Burfoot

Reply to Ken Dean

If Police or Paramedics acted in the same manner as these firefighters are people would tear them to shreds for being selfish & using intimidation to get what they want. Fortunately Police & Paramedics are far more professional & would not stoop to this level. People seem to think this is ok to act like this because it’s the fire dept. It’s not OK they are suppose to be an emergency service but they are acting more like spoiled children at their social club.

Ken Dean

Reply to Philip Burfoot

Like I say, we don't have the details.

Ken Dean

Reply to Philip Burfoot

Both police services and Paramedics have gone on strike before, simply for better wages. These are volunteers who don't HAVE to do anything.

Like I have repeated, we don't have the details so don't jump to conclusions.

David Amos

Reply to Ken Dean

Amen

Philip Burfoot

Reply to Ken Dean

Threatening to withhold services is not concerning to you? These volunteers have clearly stated their intent to do that effectively putting their community at risk if the municipality does not give them what they want. That is called using intimidation to bend municipalities over a barrel which is a classic fire dept move that is used across North America. I spent 30 yrs in emergency services & watched that tactic used many times over my career by fire unions. There is no jumping to conclusions here I know exactly how the game is played & you don’t!

Ken Dean

Reply to Philip Burfoot

Exactly why I keep saying we don't have the details. These are volunteers who are there solely to help their communities at the expense of their own time, it's not like they are paid to do this. If they are willing to withhold services it must be something very serious.

Philip Burfoot

Reply to Ken Dean

Ya it’s more you fail to appreciate the petty politics at play here. If you have never worked in emergency services then you will not appreciate what is occurring. The details are very clear if you know what to look for. Having worked 30 yrs in emergency services I see right through this petty nonsense. Rule #1 you never put the public at risk by refusing to do your job & rule # 2 the job you are doing & the people you have committed to protect & serve come before yourself. These volunteer firefighters & the squabbling over the budget money are putting themselves first by breaking those two cardinal rules.

Ken Dean

Reply to Philip Burfoot

But once again, you have no details so you are only hypothesizing.

I do have a good understanding of firefighting as well. 20 years experience, 8 as an officer. Also 15 years as chairman of the fire commission. Maybe you were career vs Vol. I can certainly tell you these firefighters who risk their lives and spend countless hours training and serving for no reward, other than the appreciation of their community, would not make a decision like this lightly.

Maybe in the next few days we will learn more about what is going on.

Good night.

 

 

Philip Burfoot.

Ridiculous small town petty fire dept politics. Amalgamate the two fire depts into one volunteer dept & split the budget between them. So much for volunteering when you can put the community at risk by withholding services because you are mad or upset over the budget. If you are unhappy quit let someone else take your place who wants to actually volunteer.

MR Cain

Reply to Philip Burfoot

Yeah, volunteers are easy to come by. This amalgamation of districts will be going through a lot of growing pains for quite a while; another indication of how this government devolved responsibilities with no concern of the difficulties involved.

Philip Burfoot

Reply to MR Cain

I am not sure who these fire volunteers think is the boss in this situation but it’s definitely not them. If they just want to be petty & withhold their services & put their community at risk for being mad or upset then why are they volunteering again? Quit! Since when did volunteer services start using union labour tactics & think it will work for them?

MR Cain

Reply to Philip Burfoot

It is quite apparent that nobody knows the story; they are complaining of harassment so there are a number of factors at play. If you want a solution, people need to find out the problem. I don't think quitting will solve anything, but put the community in a worse position.

Philip Burfoot

Reply to MR Cain

I find it interesting how these volunteer firefighters think they can hold their communities hostage by threatening to withhold services. They think they are somehow more important than they are & are not easily replaced. They are missing the fact they are volunteers if they are not happy then leave let someone else who wants to volunteer do the job.

MR Cain

Reply to Philip Burfoot

I find it interesting how people can make up stories about situations they know nothing about.

Philip Burfoot

Reply to MR Cain

30 yrs in emergency services & I dealt with many fire dept volley’s who thought they deserved more or what ever they demanded. They forget the taxpayers are the ones who pay the tab here not the fire department. These people are being arrogant & don’t realize that municipal governments have ways to correct that kind of mentality if need be. It’s called leave you are no longer needed!

Jake Newman

Reply to Philip Burfoot

so you're stepping up right now?

Philip Burfoot

Reply to Jake Newman

Stepping up? What am I stepping up to do? I would never leave my community at risk & do what these people are doing! It’s these selfish & self important so called volunteer firefighters in the article who are whining & bailing on their community because they are having a temper tantrum over not getting what they want. I have zero sympathy for them.

Clive Gibbons

Reply to MR Cain

A quick bit of research has the chief working in public works also. This looks a lot like he isn't happy with his employer and is dragging the FD along with him. Take the high road, guys and gals.

David Amos

Reply to Clive Gibbons

Good advice

MR Cain

Reply to Clive Gibbons

Perceptions are not fact. There are some interpersonal clashes. This is typical in those occupations which have a lot of inaction and down time, waiting for something to happen so they can do the job they are meant to do; cops, firefighters, military, ambulance driver.

Clive Gibbons

Reply to MR Cain

This is a volly department, but the chief is also head of public works. They all have jobs elsewhere, except for said chief.

MR Cain

Reply to Clive Gibbons

Yes, I know it is a volunteer department, and they have the same issues as if full time work; lots of idle time.

Clive Gibbons

Reply to MR Cain

Well lol it's a good thing they have idle time, they wouldn't have the time to do their day jobs.

MR Cain

Reply to Clive Gibbons

If they are working, are they expected to respond to an emergency?

Clive Gibbons

Reply to MR Cain

They are not, that's why there are thirty people on the roster. If I was stuck in a burning building, in a rural area, I wouldn't want it to be on a Tuesday afternoon. Someone will come, but it will take while. Some employers also let certain staff go, if it's a significant fire. These employers understand that the next time it could be them.

 

 

G. Timothy Walton
BTW, there's no hyphen in walkout or walk out; the noun is one word and the verb is two.

 

G. Timothy Walton
How do you drive an entire volunteer fire department to this?
Philip Burfoot
Reply to G. Timothy Walton
Do they really care about their community if they are threatening to not do calls by withholding services & put their community at risk? This sounds more like a bunch of petty selfish individuals having a temper tantrum & stomping their feet. Where are the adults here?
Graham McCormack
Reply to Philip Burfoot
Sounds like people who want the resources to do the job.
G. Timothy Walton
Reply to Philip Burfoot
They're volunteers, not employees. The fact they're willing to run toward danger rather than away from it should be a sign of how much they care about the community.
Philip Burfoot
Reply to Graham McCormack
It’s a volunteer service not full time. You work with what you have depending on the budget you get withholding services just makes them look petty & selfish not to mention it puts the community at risk. Would people accept this if police or paramedics acted like this? Definitely not! Zero sympathy for this kind of nonsense.
Philip Burfoot
Reply to G. Timothy Walton
Oh please! Police & Paramedics do far more daily & face greater risks than this group! This is far more just a local social club that occasionally but mostly rarely goes to a fire. Slinging the firefighter myth that they are the only ones who face danger is just utter nonsense!
Graham McCormack
Reply to Philip Burfoot
Did they not let you join or something? Here you have a group of people who give their own time and risk harm to serve the community for no compensation and you are questioning their commitment to the community. WOW, pretty sad.
Philip Burfoot
Reply to Graham McCormack
I spent 30 yrs in emergency services. I have all the knowledge I need & probably understand this situation better than you. This article if you had read it is pointing out that these arrogant volunteer firefighters are trying to bully their municipal employer in getting more money by threatening to withhold services & potentially put their community at risk. I question their commitment because who would actually ever think of withholding services as a volunteer fire service? No one! These so called firefighter volunteers are having a childish temper tantrum because the municipal government is not giving in to them & giving them what they want. It’s funny these volunteers have more of a social club than a fire department as they rarely fight fires in today’s world. Let’s be honest Police & Paramedics face more harm & do more for a community in one day than these so called volunteer individuals combined would do or face in a yr!
Eugene Peabody
Reply to G. Timothy Walton
I know a couple of volunteer fire department people and they are nice people who do a job that very few people want to do especially dealing with responding to traffic accidents . The municipal reform has a lot of problems and they are going to show up more and more. There was a reason nobody before Higgs wanted to do it .I hope nothing bad happens before this gets sorted out.
G. Timothy Walton
Reply to Philip Burfoot
You seem to have missed the point that these _volunteer_ firefighters aren't being paid to take risks. Pointing out that they do this is not slinging some myth that nobody else has mentioned here.
G. Timothy Walton
Reply to Eugene Peabody
Let's hope.

I can't see a merged department being sited in a more central location.

David Amos
Reply to Eugene Peabody
I agree
Philip Burfoot
Reply to G. Timothy Walton
Everyone in the three emergency services take risks it comes with doing the job! These volunteer firefighters are nothing special they chose to serve their community & accept those risks just like Police ,Paramedics or full time fire does. They totally lose all credibility when they threaten to withhold services because they are mad or upset about budget money & municipal decisions.
G. Timothy Walton
Reply to Philip Burfoot
Sounds like a very personal issue to you.
Philip Burfoot
Reply to G. Timothy Walton
Not at all personal! I just know all to well how the game is played when firefighters don’t get their way because the municipal government is telling them no! The fire industry is very predictable in their tactics when they try and bend their municipal employers over a barrel. They believe they are more important than they actually are. These so called volunteers are doing a disservice to their community by making threats to withhold services. Who does that? Would you accept that attitude from Police or Paramedics?
G. Timothy Walton
Reply to Philip Burfoot
Sounds like you work in some rival branch of emergency services.
Philip Burfoot
Reply to G. Timothy Walton
Nope I am long retired! Interesting that you don’t see the classic fire intimidation tactics being used by these firefighters against the community or the municipality they work for. This is classic fire industry union tactics being employed. These volunteer firefighters lose all their credibility when they openly threaten to withhold their services. They are unhappy & upset but what they are threatening is criminal in refusing to do their duty to the community & its petty. This is a very clear act of defiance they should all be let go if they refuse a call when they could actually respond.
Philip Burfoot
Reply to G. Timothy Walton
There is no such thing as a rival branch between the emergency services. Each service is very distinct in how it’s run & managed & what it brings in its own special skill set is to resolve issues in the community. This article is about rivals apparently strictly in the fire service where one dept is mad because another dept is getting more. That’s strictly a fire issue.
G. Timothy Walton
Reply to Philip Burfoot
I was referring to your comments, which resemble the Hollywood stereotype of different emergency services having rather heated opinions of each other.
Philip Burfoot
Reply to G. Timothy Walton
Except this isn’t TV, Hollywood or anything else other than a disgruntled group of volunteer firefighters thinking they are more important than the community they claim to protect & serve. They are an embarrassment to the profession. This is all just firefighter attitude & arrogance nothing else! The local municipal government is the boss here not the other way around.

 

 
 
 
Wilbur Ross
Solidarity Forever! ✊✊✊
 
 
 
David Wilson.
Good on them.
 
 
 
 

Mayor and Councillors

Meet your Five Rivers Council.

Tina Beers

Mayor
tbeers@5-rivers.ca
506-850-6435

Mayor Tina Beers was elected as the first Mayor of Five Rivers in November 2022 and took office on January 1st, 2023.

Mayor Beers has lived with her husband in Harcourt since 2008, she became Community Development Coordinator with the United Way, for the Local Service Districts (LSD) of Harcourt and Weldford in 2009. Her involvement with the United Way as Community Development Coordinator led to her decision to become involved in Local Government, and in 2010 was elected as the Harcourt (LSD) Advisory Committee Chair. As the Harcourt LSD Advisory Committee Chair, Mayor Beers was elected to the Kent Regional Service Commission and has sat on the Board since it was formed in 2013.

Councillors

Billy Flanagan

At Large
bflanagan@5-rivers.ca
506-871-8016

Katie Robertson

At Large
krobertson@5-rivers.ca
506-878-3435

Karen Campbell

Ward 1
kcampbell@5-rivers.ca
506-523-6921

Mike Robertson

Ward 2
mrobertson@5-rivers.ca
506-688-4701

Kelly Pidgeon

Ward 3
kpidgeon@5-rivers.ca
506-523-3698

Elaine Warren

Ward 4
ewarren@5-rivers.ca
506-521-4595
 

Municipal Office

82 Main Street
Rexton, NB E4W 5N4

 
 

Tina Beers Mayor Five Rivers

 
 
 

Rexton Volunteer Fire Department

The Rexton Volunteer Firefighters wish to also share with you the requests made to Mayor and Council that stemmed from last nights emergency meeting, to help the public understand where and how this decision came to be. Our priority is to have our dedicated fire chief and leader, Brent Goodwin, back performing his duties. Without our chief and leader, this simply isn’t the Rexton Fire Department!
 
 As many of you are aware Five rivers' mayor wrote a response to the current situation involving the Rexton Volunteer Fire Department , currently the comments are turned off and many of the comments are being removed, so much for free speech or being able to voice your concerns with this council.
 
Diane Paquette
Can someone please ask Warren Goodwin to give us a call at CBC Radio’s Maritime Noon? We’d like to speak with him this morning. (Thursday) I produce the show. My direct line is 902-420-4339. Thank you.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Roles - Hon. Dominic LeBlanc
Current and Past

Member of Parliament

Political Affiliation

Offices and Roles as a Parliamentarian

Committees

Parliamentary Associations and Interparliamentary Groups

Election Candidate

 
 
 
 
 
 

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